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What is Physical Data Recovery?

James Walsh

Physical Data
Recovery is defined as the recovery of lost, failed,
damaged or wrecked data from a storage media format such as hard
drives, CD's, DVD's and storage tapes. It also includes the
failure to retrieve primary storage data from a hard drive
format. According to the Lasa Information Systems team, physical
data recovery is a common occurrence. The team states that
physical data is often made unavailable when a hard drive fails.
This failure can be due to mechanical or electronic failure. It
causes the hard drive to get damaged resulting in data loss. In
a nutshell, any type of failure can lead to disk corruption
leading to data loss.

The team also describes another failure scenario. In some
cases, loss of data occurs due to a software problem, computer
viruses or human and natural disasters. The UK data recovery
firm, Ontrack, further explains the concept of physical data
recovery. The company argues that data recovery is a complex
process and only ought to be used when there is a permanent loss
of data. Physical data recovery is only used when the data is
inaccessible and cannot be read normally from the drive. Usually
data loss occurs due to deteriorating disk magnetic coatings,
cracked or broken reels or cartridge shells and damaged drive
tape. Data loss commonly takes place due to human ignorance to
store data properly. Ontrack technicians have to say that data
recovery invariably involves correcting human errors.

The Ontrack technical team states that physical data recovery
usually means capturing data from defective hard drives which
have fallen prey to adverse media conditions. The team argues
that in cases of human error, physical data recovery chances are
successful more than 98 percent of the time. The team clarifies
by offering an example of permanent data loss due to physical
damage: Diskettes which had been chewed by a dog were damaged
and unable to read data. The damage was so severe that numerical
data was incomprehensible. However, the team managed to recover
most of the data. The diskettes were repaired and 15 percent
sector damage was seen. The File Allocation Tables in the
diskette were rebuilt and graphic data was restored. The team,
in the end, recovered more than 97 percent of the damaged
physical data.

Similarly, the IBAS UK data recovery firm also holds that data
recovery is common usually among banks and financial
institutions. It cites the example of a well-known credit card
company in London. The company was unable to read any
transactions for the past week when its hard drives were damaged
due to continued exposure to the sun. The IBAS UK technical team
was called when the backup system also failed. The team
discovered the failure had taken place due to three disk drives
being damaged out of a batch of eight. The reasons for data loss
and failure were documented as:

Electronic Failure
Adverse Media
Conditions According to the technicians, data
recovery involves two different processes:
- Physical
  Data Recovery
- Logical Data Recovery
But in most cases, the two procedures are described and defined
as one. Physical data recovery is the retrieval of raw data from
a damaged disc. On the other hand, logical data recovery
involves the rebuilding of damaged data files. Technicians state
that data loss is often inbuilt into a computer. Usually hard
drives spin at a fast rate causing irreplaceable disc damage. An
effective way to combat data loss by a layman is to partition
the hard drive. This can save data as even though one part of
the disc gets damaged, the user is able to salvage data from the
other part. Another way is by having innumerable back ups. Data
recovery is a tedious and time consuming process. And in rare
cases, data recovery is not possible. The failure of the master
boot record or the Disc Partition Table results in permanent
computer damage. This means that the user is left with only one
alternative - buying a new computer.

Nowadays, computer systems have inbuilt data recovery systems.
The Windows program has data recovery tools of SCANDISK and
CHKDSK. The Ontrack technical team has suggestions for the
prevention of data loss. The team argues that data recovery is a
confusing and expensive procedure and should be avoided. Here
are some precautions, a user should adopt:
- have a backup
- have a drive partition
- use inbuilt computer data recovery tools
- always
  choose reputable software
- make sure that software does
  not overwrite on damaged data
- turn off the
  computer
- call the experts
It should be remembered that data recovery tools need to be
installed in a computer before the occurrence of physical
damage. Clearly, the message for all users is, prevention is
better than cure.

About the author:
James Walsh is a data recovery expert working for Fields href="http://www.fields-data-recovery.co.uk"> Data Recovery
for more information see http://www.fields-data-recovery.co.uk

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